1. ignore=pay no attention=not pay any attention=take no notice=not take any notice忽略，无视 v.
2. encounter=face=confront=meet遇见，遭遇v.
3. mistaken view=misconception错误的观点n.
4. easy to reach=accessible容易达到的adj.
5. change=modify(modification) 改变v.
6. destruction=destroy=loss毁坏n.
7. investigate=make inquiries=enquiries=go into=probe=look into 调查v.
8. where=geographical location 表地点
9. important=vital=essential=crucial重要的adj.
10. reason=cause=factor=origins=root=stimulus=impetus原因n.
11. protect=guard=safeguard=shield=conservation保护v.
12. newspapers, television=media媒体n.
13. where to live=habitat居住地n.
14. get warmer=global warming变暖n.
15. contribute to=play a part有助于v.
16. survive=continuing existence幸存，活下来v.
17. curriculum=course=syllabus课程n.
18. link to=be connected with=be linked with把…和…相联系v.
19. underdeveloped=degenerated=rudimentary不发达的adj.
20. poor=bad=badly=not very good=no good at something=weak贫穷的，可怜的adj.
21. exceptional=good=excellent=outstanding=brilliant=impressive=admirable超常的，例外的adj.
22. mating=courtship交配.
23. follow=track=tail=shadow=hound=stalk=stalker跟随，跟踪v.
24. good vision ability=vision is obviously more useful…好的视力
25. best=well=greatest=finest=ideal=top=number one =ultimate=optimum=definitive=unsurpassed=record-breaking极好的adj.
26. surprised=amazed=astonished=astounded=be taken aback=startled感到惊讶的adj.
27. volunteer=subject实验研究对象n.
28. similar=resemble=like=alike相似的adj.
29. blind=can not see瞎的adj.
TEST 2
1. initiative=on your own/by yourself=independently=on your own initiative=under your own steam=to be the person who starts something=plan=law主动的，自发的adj. 主动权n.
2. increase=go up=rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=pick up=widen=be on the increase=intensify=expand=build up上升，增加v.
3. teach=educate=train=coach=instruct=bring up教学v.
4. more than one language=bilingual=sb's second language多种语言n.
5. determine=establish=identify=pinpoint=diagnose 决定v.
6. young people=teenager=youth=in your teens=adolescent=minor年轻人n.
7. community=all the people in a particular area, city, country etc.群体，团体，社区n.
8. traditional=old-fashioned=outdated=outmoded=unfashionable传统的adj.
9. fail=failure=not succeed=unsuccessful=vain=fruitless=unproductive=be a failure=go wrong=not work=do no good=fall through失败v.
10. endanger=to put someone or something in danger of being hurt=damaged=destroyed危及，使危险v.
11. diverse=varied=variety=wide-ranging=mixed各种各样的adj.
12. inevitable=certain to happen and impossible to avoid不可避免的adj.
13. differ from=unusual与…不同v.
14. reluctant=unwilling=not willing=drag your feet=be loath to do something=conservative勉强的adj.
15. consult=ask somebody's advice=seek advice=get/obtain advice资询v.
16. alternative=another=other=different=new=else=variation=variant另一个
17. therapist=someone who has been trained to give a particular form of treatment for physical or mental illness临床医学家n.
18. retrain=taking courses再教育v.
19. salary=pay=wage=income=earnings=fee工资，收入n.
20. long-term=chronic=long-running=long-standing=lasting=lifelong=prolonged=lingering=enduring=abiding=incurable长期的adj.
21. complaint=complain=make a complaint=protest=object=complain抱怨n.
22. illness=disease=virus=bug=infection疾病 n.
23. connection=relationship=link=correlation联系 n.
24. beneficial=be good for you/ do somebody good=wholesome=nutritious=nourishing=healthful有益的 adj.
25. insight=comprehension=understanding理解，见解 n.
26. physical=relating to the body=bodily身体的 adj.
27. hazard=risk=danger=threat障碍，危险n.
28. accompany=with=together=along with=come wit陪伴,伴随
29. mental=relating to the health or state of someone's mind精神上的，心理的 adj.
30. possible=possibility=can=potential=there is a chance/possibility可能的adj.
31. reduction=decrease=drop=fall=cut 减少 n.
32. class=type=kind=sort=style=category=variety种类n.
33. rehearsal=practice=training=run-through=exercise排练，演习 n.
34. peer=your peers are the people who are the same age as you, or who have the same type of job, social class etc同伴 n.
35. defensive=used or intended to protect someone or something against attack 防御n.
36. strategy=way=method=approach=technique=system=tactics 方法，功略n.
37. assist=help=aid=with the aid of帮助 v.
38. specific=give (somebody) more details=expand on=enlarge on=go into more=greater detail=be more specific=be more explicit=elaborate特定的adj.
39. substance=a particular type of solid, liquid, or gas 物质 n.
40. surroundings=environment=circumstance 环境 n.
41. engage=give somebody a job=employ=take on=appoint=recruit=sign up雇佣 v.
42. combine=mix=stir=beat=blend=whisk=dilute联合v.
43. survival=the state of continuing to live or exist幸存n.
TEST 3
1. quotation= a sentence or phrase from a book, speech etc which you repeat in a speech or piece of writing because it is interesting or amusing 引言n.
2. exemplify= example=case=instance=to be a very typical example of something=to give an example of something 例证 v.
3. explain=tell=say what/why/where etc=show=demonstrate=go through=throw/shed light on=set out解释v.
4. outline= to describe something in a general way, giving the main points but not the details概述 v.
5. purpose=aim=point=idea=objective=object=goal= target=end目的 n.
6. encourage=persuade=persuasion=get somebody to do something=influence=encourage=talk somebody into=put somebody up to鼓励 v.
7. loan= an amount of money that you borrow from a bank etc. 贷款 n.
8. poverty= being poor贫穷n.
9. crime= illegal activities in general犯罪 n.
10. reject=to refuse to accept, believe in, or agree with something 拒绝 v.
11. employ=give somebody a job=take on=engage= appoint=recruit=sign up雇佣 v.
12. courier=a person or company that is paid to take packages somewhere快递员 n.
13. storage=keep=store=keep something in storage=preserve 存储n.
14. facility=rooms, equipment, or services that are provided for a particular purpose 设备n.
15. ambitious=ambition=power-hungry/power-mad=competitive= determined to be successful, rich, powerful etc.有志向的，雄心壮志的 adj.
16. effort=to try very hard to do something= attempt=campaign=drive努力 n.
17. feature= a part of something that you notice because it seems important, interesting, or typical;a part of the land, especially a part that you can see: a part of someone's face, such as their eyes, nose etc特点 n.
18. planet= the world=earth/Earth=the globe 地球 n.
19. unpredictable=can't say/tell=unforeseeable=it remains to be seen 无法预测的 adj.
20. machinery=machines, especially large ones= a system or set of processes for doing something=machine=device=robot=appliance=mechanism 机械 n.
21. ultimate=someone's ultimate aim is their main and most important aim, that they hope to achieve in the future= final最终的，根本的 adj.
22. atmosphere= the feeling that an event or place gives you= the mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth气氛; 大气n.
23. occur=happen=take place=there is=come about=come up=turn up=arise=strike发生v.
24. expand= get bigger=grow=swell up=stretch扩张，扩大v.
25. form= type= way something is/appears=shape形式 n.
26. emerge=appear=become visible=come into view/come into sight=come out=reappear 出现 v.
27. emit= to send out gas, heat, light, sound etc 发出，放射 n.
28. situation= circumstances=position=case=plight情况，状况 n.
29. self-conscious=worried and embarrassed about what you look like or what other people think of you自觉的 n.
30. generate= to make someone have a particular feeling= form=produce=create 产生 v.
31. various=there are several different types of that thing=different=a variety of something=differing=varying=an assortment of something=assorted=a mix of something=a mixture of something各种各样的 adj.
32. convenient= a thing or way of doing something that is easy and quick; a time or arrangement that is convenient 方便的 adj.
33. objective=impartial=neutral=not take sides=unbiased=disinterested客观的 adj.
34. enquiry=investigate=make inquiries/enquiries=go into=probe=look into=solve=be under investigation 调查
35. observe=notice=can see/can tell=see=spot=detect=note become aware/conscious=catch somebody's eye=perceive观察 v.
36. comment=remark=thing to say=point=statement= announcement=declaration=observation评论
37. include=consist of=comprise=be composed of= be made up of包含，包括 v.
38. focus on=deals only with=concentrate专注于 v.
39. affect=have an effect=have an impact=take effect= make a difference=impact影响 v.
40. gained from=come from=be based on=originate= go back to=have its origins in=have its roots in=derive from/be derived from=develop from/evolve from产生于…. V.
41. concern=worry=stress=anxiety=strain= a feeling of worry about something important关心，担心n.
TEST 4
1. official=formal=authorized=on (the) record官方的，正式的 adj.
2. athletic=physically strong and good at sport=fit=be in shape=be in good condition运动的 adj.
3. intensive=involving a lot of activity, effort, or careful attention in a short period of time=rapid=crash course密集的，加强的 adj.
4. burst=a short sudden effort or increase in activity=burst of anger/enthusiasm/temper etc 突发
5. recognize=know=identify=pick out=tell认出，承认v.
6. inadequate=not enough=too little=few=scarce=insufficient=be in short supply=lack of something=be short 不足的 adj.
7. develop=come from=be based on=originate=go back to=have its origins in=have its roots in=derive from=be derived from=be founded on=grow out of=develop from=evolve from发展，生长 v.
8. enable=make something possible=allow=permit=pave the way for=clear the way for使能够 v.
9. predict=anticipate=forecast=foretell=prediction=projected=guess in advance预测 v.
10. specialist=someone who knows a lot about a particular subject, or is very skilled at it=expert专家 n.
11. theoretical=relating to the study of ideas, especially scientific ideas, rather than with practical uses of the ideas or practical experience理论的 adj.
12. basic=fundamental=essential=central=underlying=simple=crude=primitive=rudimentary=unsophisticated=low-tech基本的 adj.
13. nature=plants/animals etc=somebody's character=qualities of something=type自然 n.
14. aim=purpose=point=idea=objective=object=goal=target=end目的 n.
15. translate=change languages=interpret=put something into English/French/Japanese etc翻译 v.
16. ancient=belonging to a time long ago in history, especially thousands of years ago 古老的 adj.
17. realistic=when pictures, films etc make things seem real=lifelike=realism=true to life=vivid实际的，现实的
18. field=area=branch=world=domain=realm=sphere领域 n.
19. document=a piece of paper that has official information on it;a piece of written work that is stored on a computer文件 n.
20. equal=the same in number, amount, level etc as something else平等的 adj.
21. influence=effect=side effect=impact=what something does to=the implications 影响 n.
22. behavior=manner=conduct=behave=well-behaved=good=be on your best=stay out of trouble行为 n.
23. compare=to examine or judge two or more things in order to show how they are similar to or different from each other=liken=make a comparison=draw an analogy=draw a parallel=contrast 比较 v.
24. economically=in a way that is related to systems of money, trade, or business经济上地 adv.
25. establish=determine=identify=pinpoint=diagnose=to start a new business or organization.建立新的生意/组织 v.
26. sustainable=able to continue without causing damage to the environment; able to continue for a long time可持续的 adj.
27. realize=know=be/become aware=can tell=appreciate=be conscious=know perfectly well=know/learn from experience意识到 v.
28. limit=restrict=set/impose/put a limit=keep to/keep within=confine=fix 限制
29. produce=form=create=generate生产 v.
30. guarantee=promise=assure=give somebody your word=swear=vow=commit to=pledge保证 v.
31. liberty=freedom=a free hand自由 n.
32. independence=self-sufficiency=self-reliance 独立 n.
33. consistent=always behaving in the same way or having the same attitudes, standards etc - usually used to show approval持续的 adj.
34. underestimate=to think or guess that something is smaller, cheaper, easier etc than it really is=to think that someone is not as good, clever, or skilful, as they really are低估 v.
35. provision=when you provide something that someone needs now or in the future 提供 n.
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