【成考攻略】英语专项（3）

考点知识10主谓一致     主谓一致指的是谓语动词在人称和数上必须与主语保持一致。主谓一致依据语法一致、意义一致和就近一致三条原则。一、名词作主语时的主谓一致1.  集体名词作主语若强调整体，谓语动词用单数；若突出个体，谓语动词用复数。常见的这类名词有：family, group, class, army, enemy等。注意：people, police, youth等作主语，谓语动词常用复数。The police have caught the thieves.警察抓住了盗贼。2. 单、复数同形的名词作主语，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数，根据意义来定。3. 表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等的词语作主语，通常被看做一个整体，谓语动词用单数。 二、并列主语的主谓一致1. and 连接的并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式，但在下列情况下用单数：（1）and 连接的并列主语指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念。The English teacher and headteacher is a young man.英语老师兼班主任是一位年轻人。（2）and 连接的并列名词有each, every, no 或many a 等修饰时，谓语动词用单数。In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.在我们国家每一个孩子，不管男女，都有受教育的权利。2.由or, either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but also..., not...but...等连接并列主语时，遵循就近原则，即谓语动词应与*靠近它的主语一致。Either he or I am wrong.不是他错就是我错。3.两个主语由as well as, rather than, but, together with, along with, except, besides等连接时，谓语动词的数与*前面的主语保持一致。The teacher as well as the students has seen the film.老师和学生都看过这部电影。 三、名词化形容词作主语时的主谓一致“the+形容词”表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数。常见的这类词有：the poor, the rich, the sick, the dead, the young, the wise, the deaf, the blind, the learned, the aged, the living, the French等 四、不定式、动名词和名词从句作主语时的主谓一致。不定式、动名词和句子作主语时，谓语动词用单数。To become doctors is their ambition .当医生是他们的志愿。 词汇与语法部分总共15道题，共22.5分。主要考察固定搭配和词义辨析和动词时态方面。历年真题：考查固定搭配1. Jonathan and Joe left the house to go for_____ after supper.( D )A.Walk   B. the walk     C. walks  D. a walk解析：晚饭后，乔纳森和乔离开了房子去散步。go for a walk是固定用法，意为“出去走走，去散步”，与take a walk 同义。2.As a child I used to wash my parents’ car to earn some____ money.( D )A.paper   B.easy   C. private  D.pocket解析：在我还是小孩子的时候我就常常清洗我父母的汽车来挣点零花钱。Pocket money意为“零花钱”，符合题意。paper money 纸币；easy 容易的；private私人的。3.Who should be responsible ______the accident? ( D )A.at   B. of   C.with   D.for解析：谁应该为这起事故负责？be responsible for意为“对......负责”，符合题意。4.I feel very excited＿ the thought of joining my family in a week..A.onB.forC.atD.in解析：一想到一周后就能和家人在一起,我就很激动。be excited at sth.意为“对某事感到兴奋”,故选C5.1 did not do well on the writing exam, for the topic to write on was unfamiliar____me.( A)A. To   B. for    C. with    D. about解析：我在写作考试中没考好， 因为写作主题不是我熟悉的。Be unfamiliar to sb.为固定短语， 意为“对…..来说不熟悉”，故选A。6. Peter would____stay at home watching TV than go shopping with his mom. (    )A. Rather  B. quite  C. better  D. still解析：皮特宁愿待在家看电视也不愿和他妈妈一起去购物。would rather do sth.than do sth.为固定搭配，意为“宁愿做……而不愿做……”，故选A  考查词义辨析形容词词义辨析1.After the busy day I’ve had, I need a _____drink. ( )A. heavy   B.sharp    C.strong   D.powerful解析：忙碌了一天后，我需要一杯烈性酒。Strong(饮料等)浓的，烈性的；strong drink意为“烈性酒”，符合题意。heavy沉重的；sharp锋利的；powerful强有力的。2.John complained to the bookseller that there were several pages_____in the dictionary. (  )A. lacking   B.losing   C.missing   D.dropping解析：约翰向书店老板投诉，说字典中缺少了好几页。missing意为“缺失的”，符合题意。lacking缺乏的；losing失败的；dropping掉落的。3.When I am confronted with such questions, my mind goes______, and I can hardly remember my own date of birth. (  )A. faint    B. blank   C.dark    D.blind解析：当我遇到这些问题时，我头脑一片空白，我甚至记不起自己的生日。One’s mind goes blank是固定表达，意为“头脑一片空白”。faint模糊的；dark黑暗的；blind盲目的。4. Please make sure that your name is entered in the____space when you fill out this form.A. vacant    B.bare    C. blank    D. empty  （  ）解析：当你填写这张表格时， 请确保你的名字填在空白区。vacant意为“空虚的”， bare意为“赤裸的， 空的”， blank意为“空白的”， empty意为“空的”。blank space意为“空白区”， 故选C。5. Reading aloud every day can be one of the most ____ways to improve your spoken English.A. Evident    B. effective    C. favorite    D. favorable解析：每天大声朗读是提升英语口语最有效的方法之一。evident意为“显然的”， effective意为 “有效的”， favorite意为“*喜欢的”， favorable意为“有利的”。结合句意， 故选B。  动词词义辨析1.If they are willing to lend us the money we need, all our problems will be_____( ).A. solved   B.caused   C.covered   D.met解析：如果他们愿意借给我们那笔我们需要的钱的话，我们的一切问题都将迎刃而解。Solve problems 为固定表达，意为“解决问题”。caused 引起；covered 覆盖；met遇到。2.You should learn through failures, why don’t you______your plan or try a new approach? ( A)A. adjust   B.repeat   C.accept   D.refuse解析：你应该从失败中吸取教训。为什么不调整你的计划或尝试一种新的方法呢？adjust调整；repeat 重复；accept接受；refuse拒接。动词词组辨析1.The article_____more attention to the problem of cultural conflicts. (  )A.cares for            B.allows for       C.applies for           D.calls for解析：这篇文章呼吁人们多关注文化冲突的问题。calls for意为”呼吁，提倡”，符合题意。cares for 关心，照顾；allows for 考虑到；applies for申请，请求。2.We had a long way to go so we decided to____early. (  )A.set on             B.put on       C.set off           D.put off解析：有很长的一段路要走，所以我们决定早点出发。set on袭击；put on穿上；set off出发，起身；put off推迟。3.The pianist didn’t ____until the last minute before the concert. (  )A.turn up           B.turn out       C.turn off            D.turn on解析：这个钢琴家直到音乐会开始前最后一分钟才出现。turn up 出现; turn out关掉；turn off关掉，完成；turn on打开。 考查连词用法1.You’d better take these documents with you_______you need them for the meeting,.( )A.unless            B.in case        C.until             D.so that解析：你*好带上这些文件，以防会议中你会用到。In case可引导目的状语从句，意为“以防，以备”，符合题意；so that也可引导目的状语从句，意为“以便，为了”；unless 除非；until直到。2.______it is not his responsibility to do that, he said he would help. (  )A. Although              B.As           C.Since              D.Unless解析：尽管做那件事并不是他的职责所在，他仍说他会帮忙。although 尽管，虽然，即使，表示让步；as因为，表示原因；since因为，由于，表示原因；unless除非，表示转折。3._____my daughter reaches the age of eighteen,she can apply for a driving license. （C）A.Unless      B.Because           C.Since             D.Once解析：我女儿可以申请考驾照了,因为她满18岁了。句中缺少表示原因的连词。because和since 都可以引导原因状语从句,但because一般不用于句首,故选C4.The job applicant was worried about the interview____ he was well prepared.  （ ）A.if   B. because   C. when  D. though解析：尽管求职者准备得很充分， 但他还是对面试感到担心。if意为“如果”， because意为“因为”， when意为“当…时候”， though意为“尽管”。结合句意， 故选D。5. You" d better speak loudly at the meeing____everyone can hear you. （  ）A. except that     B. such that     C. in that     D. so that解析：在会议上你*好讲大声点， 以便每个人都可以听到你的声音。except that意为“除了…以外”， such that意为“使得， 结果是”， in that意为“因为”， so that意为“以便于， 为了”， 故选D。 考查动词时态1.When John left the office, Amy_____at her desk. ( )A.is still working              B.has still workedC.had still worked    D.was still working解析：约翰离开办公司时，艾米仍然在工作。由时间状语 when John left the office可知，谓语动词时态应为过去进行时，表示过去某一时刻或某一时间正在进行的动作，故选D.2. I sent him the package yesterday. He_______it by now. ( )A.might have received   B.receivedC.will receive     D.receives解析：我昨天把包裹发给他了，到现在他可能已经收到了。由时间状语by now及句意可知，此处应用现在完成时，且此处有猜测的含义，might可能，表示推测，故选A.3.Since computers were introduced, they____ to be useful tools for people weak in math.( B )A. had proved    B. have proved   C. will prove    D. are proving  解析：考查现在完成时。句意：自电脑问世以后， 它们已被证明对数学薄弱的人们来说是有用的工具。since引导的从句中的动词为一般过去时，主句用现在完成时，故选B。4.By the time you return in two years, your hometown will _____a new look.（A）A. have taken on    B.take on   C. have been taken on    D. be taken on解析：等到两年后你回来， 你的家乡会呈现一种新的风貌。by the time引导状语从句时， 从句如果用一般现在时来表示将来的动作，主句用将来完成时，且这里是主动语态，故选A。书面表达作文     “书面表达”题是考查学生能否运用所学到的知识和所掌握的技能来表达思想的试题。一般为命题式作文而非自由作文，要求考生根据所给情境用英语写一篇100个单词左右的短文。提供的情景包括目的、对象、时间、地点、内容等；提供情景的形式有图画、图表、提纲等。注意，考生要按题目要求的体裁来写作。1. 书面表达的解题指导（1）认真审题。（2）列出要点。（3）组句成文。（4）仔细检查。 2. 书面表达的注意事项（1）格式正确。考试体裁中主要考通知、日记和书信。（2）内容完整。“书面表达”内容要覆盖情景所提供的全部要点。（3）表达得体。语言要符合英语表达习惯，基本没有语法结构和词汇的错误。（4）书写规范。书写工整，正确使用大小写和标点符号。（5）长度适当。大纲要求词数为100左右。 （历年真题）你(Li Yuan)在英语学习中遇到了一些困难，希望得到帮助。请给你的英国笔友 (Jason)写封信，内容包括：·介绍你学习英语的经历;·描述你在英语学习中遇到的困难;·希望笔友给你一些建议。     Yours,Li  Yuan参考答案：Dear Jason,I am a high school student and now I am going to take the College Entrance Examination. I am writing to you about my difficulties in learning English. In fact, I do well in other subjects, but English is my headache. I can"t remember the new words and expressions I learned in class. So I often make a lot of mistakes in multiple choices and can"t understand the articles fully because of my poor vocabulary. What"s worse, I have trouble in listening to English. I totally can"t understand what those people are talking in English. What should I do? You are an expert in teaching students English. I hope you can give me some suggestions to help me solve my problem. Looking forward to your reply.Yours,Li  Yuan  【英语作文模板】（一）用于开头的句子1.There are many different opinions among people as a ...,some people suggest that...关于......人们有不同的观点。一些人认为......2.Today... which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life.First,...Second,...what makes things worse is that...现在，... 它们给我们的生活带来了许多危害。首先...其次...*糟糕的是...3.As far as ... is concerned 就...而言4.It can be said with certainty that...可以肯定地说...5.It has to be noticed that...必须注意到...6.It’s generally recognized that... 普遍认为...7.Nothing is more important than the fact that...没有什么比...更重要8.There’s  no denying the fact that...不可否认...9.As the proverb says 正如谚语所说10.What’s far more important is that...更重要的是... （二）用于衔接的句子1.Similarly, we should pay attention to...同样，我们要注意2.In this respect, we may as well (say )从这个角度上我们可以说3.As has been mentioned above…正如上面所提到的…4.In view of the present station鉴于目前形势5.However,the difficulty lies in…然而，困难在于…6.Further,we hold opinion that…此外，我们坚持认为，…7.But it"s a pity that…但遗憾的是…8.As case in point is... 一个典型的例子是...9.But the problem is not so simple.Therefore... 然而问题并非如此简单，所以...10.For all that... 对于这一切...（三）用语结尾的句子1.Therefore, we have the reason to believe that...因此，我们有理由相信...2.Therefore, in my opinion,it’s more advisable...因此，在我看来，更可取的是...3.All things considered 总而言之4.I will conclude by saying... 最后我要说...5.From what had been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that...通过以上结论，我们可以得出以下结论...6.The data/statistics/figures  lead us to the conclusion that...通过数据我们得到的结论是...7.It can be concluded from the discussion that...从中我们可以得出这样的结论...8.From my point of view, it would be better if...在我看来...如果...也许更好  【相关范文】 一，通知类根据提示写一份举行隔周一次的英语晚会（every-other-week Enlish evening） 的书面通知。提示：1.时    间：11月24日，周六晚上7点。2.地    点：2号教学楼的报告厅（lecture room）。3.内    容：歌曲，朗诵（recitation）,舞蹈，话剧等，还有美籍教师演讲。4.目    的：提高学生英语听说能力。5.报名地点：办公室203室，学生会（Students’ Union）.注意：1.要点不得遗漏2.符合书面通知的格式3.词数为100左右。NOTICEIn order to improve the students’ listening and speaking ability, the every-other-week English evening is to be held in the lecture room, No.2 Teaching Building , at 7:00 p.m. this Saturday, November 24th. Program includes songs, recitation, dances, plays and so on. And our English teacher from America is going to make a short speech about English study. Everyone is welcome . Those who would like to take part in it , please sign your names at the Students’ Union, Room 203,Office Building .Students’ Union 二，书信类假如你是学生李华，在家是独生子女，国家开放二孩政策后，你的父母想再生一个孩子，征求你的意见。恰好你的美国笔友Peter来信询问我国的二孩政策。请你给他回一封信。内容要点如下：　　简单解释国家二孩政策；得知父母打算生二胎后你的想法；征求Peter的看法。　　注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3. 开头语已为你写好，不计入字数。Dear Peter,I have received your letter and I’m glad to explain to you the two-child policy in China.The Chinese government recently plans to change the one-child policy into two-child policy, meaning that every family in China is allowed to have two children. Now my parents have made a decision to give birth to a second child, which worries me a great deal. Though it is good to have a brother or sister to grow up with, I have to share everything with him or her. Most importantly, what if the love from my parents is totally switched to the new child? As you have a younger sister, did you have similar problems? What’s your opinion about this?I am looking forward to your early reply.Yours,Li Hua 三，日记类假设你是一个农村学生，进程看到河水被严重污染，请写一篇议论污染的日记。内容。内容包括以下几点：1. 河水颜色发黑，并发出臭味。2. 水里没有鱼，也没人游泳。3. 污染原因是附近的工厂往河里排放工业废水。4. 大家应保护环境，减少污染。注意： 1.要符合日记的格式，2.词数为100左右。 September 16,2012,Sunday                          CloudyI went to the small city far away from village to buy some books this morning. What I saw there surprised me very much. There is a river in the city. The water in it is dark and smells terrible. It is polluted with chemical waste from factories. There are many small factories along the river. The worst one is the paper factory . It pours waste water into the river day and night. Fish can’t live in such a polluted river and neither can people swim in it. I wonder why people don’t care about our environment. We should do something to reduce pollution. 四：议论文假如你是李华，你们学校就“感恩父母，从我做起”这一话题展开讨论。请你用英语写一篇短文，谈谈为什么要感恩父母，你和父母之间发生的最难忘的事以及你的感受。注意：词数为100左右I think it"s important for us to thank our parents. Since I was born, my parents have given me all their love and care, but never expect anything in return. They havebrought me up and taken good care of me carefully and patiently.Last year, I was chosen to take part in a speech competition. I felt very nervous. My parents tried hard to help me prepare for it. They encouraged me to be confident and told me not to care much about the result. They said the process of learning was more meaningful.With their help, I did very well that time. I felt happy and proud. I"d like to say “Thanks a lot! You"re great! I will love you forever!” to mum and dad. 五，邀请信类你是Lucy, 写一封给老同学Allen 的邀请信，邀请他参加下个星期日下午4点（12月23日）的校友聚会。希望Allen 尽快回信接受邀请，以便他们及时做好安排。 December 16,2012Dear Allen,We are having all classmates for dinner at 4 p.m. next Sunday(December 23) at the hotel. There will be a big reunion. Would it be possible for you to join in it at your convenience? I hope that you will feel it worth while to accept this invitation. We haven’t seen each other for a long time and we are all anxious to have you with us. We shall be very much pleased if we receive word of your acceptance in the near future , so that we can make good arrangements in time .Yours,                                                Lucy咨询请联系客服或校区老师