◆“小毛病,大隐患”之可数名词 ◆
语法在英语的学习中起着至关重要的作用,尤其对于写作来说,无论对于何种考试,语法都会作为写作评分中的其中一项,对于雅思写作来说,同样如此。在雅思写作评分标准中,第4条为“Grammatical range and accuracy”,其中“accuracy”指的就是语法的准确性。在众多的语法错误中,可数名词单复数问题在写作中尤为常见,请看以下例子(例子来源于学生练习):
1. Employee can get more benefits from telecommuting than employer.
2. Private car will exert adverse impacts on the environment.
3. Long-distance education provides student an interesting way to learn.
4. Finding job is difficult for many college students.
以上语法错误因为其过于“微小”,且“低调”的隐藏于句子中,很容易被忽略。但往往“细节决定成败”,若类似错误在一篇文章中过多的出现,原本“大作”的文章分数也会让你“大吃一惊”。那么错误在什么地方,我们不妨关注下每个句子中的这几个词:
1. Employee /employer.
2. car
3. student
4. job
以上几个词词性全部都为名词且都为可数名词,根据语法规则我们知道“可数名词”在句子中出现时“要么前戴帽,要么后穿鞋”,即“要么前加冠词,要么后变复数”,不能独立存在。所以这几个词只要统一加上“s”,(其中一种修改方法)变为复数,就没问题了.
这样的小错误在作文中“层出不穷”。写作中,出现“可数名词”时,要多加小心,要避免这样“非技术”性问题引发的错误。否则将酿成“大祸”,看到分数时也会“悔恨不已”。
◆“小毛病,大隐患”之动名词做主语 ◆
动词在英语中是一类非常重要的词,犹如人体的“骨骼”,起着连接主语与句子其他成分的作用。然而在作文批改中经常会发现动词错用的情况,如以下例子(例子来源于学生练习):
1. Work at home using modern technology can greatly enhance our efficiency.
2. Find jobs is the chief thing they should do after graduation.
3. Study abroad can broaden students’ horizon.
4. What’s more, treat others sincerely and kindly makes a big difference to our life and study.
5. I think do voluntary work will make a great contribution to the society, which is able to enrich students’ spare time.
以上错误更是“渺小的不值一提”,所以往往会被我们大笔一挥,一“脚”剔除。若类似错误在一篇文章中频繁出现,就属于“严重过失”,一定会扣除相对应的分数。那么错误在什么地方,我们不妨关注下每个句子中的这几个词:
1. Work
2. Find
3. Study
4. Treat
5. Do
以上几个词词性全部都为动词,根据动词的用法我们知道,动词在句子中只能做谓语。然而以上几句话中,这几个词全部都出现在主语的位置。然而充当主语的只能是名词或名词短语,动词不能直接放在句首做主语,所以要把动词变为动名词即在他们后面分别加上-ing,(其中一种改法),使其具有“名词”的特点,这样就没问题了.
这样的小错误在作文中可能是因为粗心大意,也可能确实不知道动词的用法,经常屡见不鲜。写作中,遇到动词做主语,一定要加倍小心,注意转换形式,避免这样的错误出现。
◆“小毛病,大隐患" 之“逗号”滥用 ◆
逗号在写作中起着至关重要的作用,不仅仅用来断句,有时候还用来区分上下句之间的关系。在改作文往往会看到逗号滥用的情况,如以下例子:(例子来源于学生作文)
1. Human will be in danger, if fossil fuels use up.
2. When children go to school they will study and live in an environment where they are encouraged by teachers and accompanied by peers.
3. Some people think the Internet only has positive impacts, other people believe it also has negative influences on our lives.
4. Alternative sources are encouraged to use instead of fossil fuels, which cannot be renewable and may damage environment.
以上错误如果没有一双“火眼金睛”以及扎实的语言功底,还真发现不了其“隐患”之处。若类似问题在一篇文章中频繁出现,不仅考官看到大作时会“一脸懵逼”,你看到分数时也会直呼“我太难”了。那么问题出现在什么地方,我们不妨看下每个句子中的逗号。通过观察我们得出以下结论:
a.第 一句与第二句为状语从句,分别为条件状语从句与时间状语从句。在状语从句中,若主句在前,从句在后,主句后是不该加逗号的;若从句在前,主句在后,从句后应该加逗号,所以这两句话应改为:
1. Human will be in danger if fossil fuels use up.
2. When children go to school, they will study and live in an environment where they are encouraged by teachers and accompanied by peers.
b. 第三句话,用逗号来连接两个句子时,中间需要加上连接词,所以此句应该改为:
Some people think the Internet only has positive impacts, while other people believe it also has negative influences on our lives.(其中一种改法)
c. 第4句话,通过对句子意思分析得知,此句中只能把“which…”做为限定性定语从句修饰“fossil fuels”,这句话的意思才能说得通,所以应该去掉逗号。否则整个句子的意思就完全发生了变化,因为非限定性定从是对上文内容进行补充说明,显然此处用非限定从,意思上是说不通的,所以应改为:
Alternative sources are encouraged to use instead of fossil fuels which cannot be renewable and may damage environment.
逗号虽然“体态”微小,但在文章中发挥的作用却很大。写作文时,逗号滥用小则断句不清,大则改变句意,引起歧义。所以对待逗号,应慎之又慎。
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