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亲爱的家长朋友们!是不是经常为孩子的英语学习头疼?单词记不住、语法太枯燥、发音不标准……别担心,小编今天为大家整理了超实用的小学英语基础知识大汇总!从字母发音到语法知识,从基础知识到句式汇总,一篇全搞定!? 零基础也能,让孩子快乐起步,自信开口!快收藏起来,和宝贝一起闯关英语世界吧~
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基础知识
1.字母:26个字母的大小写A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Za b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z2.语音:元音的发音5 个元音字母:A E I O U12 个单元音: 前元音:[i:] [?] [e] [?]中元音:[?:] [?]后元音:[ɑ:] [?] [?:] [u:] [?] [?] 双元音(8个)合口双元音[ai] [ei] [au] [?u] [?i]集中双元音[i?] [ε?] [u?] 3.词汇:词汇量,近反义词4.句子:大小写,标点符号
语法知识
(一)名词单复数一般情况,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变 y 为 i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries以“f 或 fe”结尾,变 f 或 fe 为 v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives不规则名词复数:man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,mouse-micechild-children,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,fish-fish,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese不可数名词的复数就是原形:paper,juice, water, milk, rice, tea(二)名词的格(1) 有生命的东西的名词所有格:a) 单数后加 "s 如: Lucy"s ruler, my father"s shirtb) 以s 结尾的复数名词后加 ’ 如: his friends" bagsc) 不以s 结尾的复数后加"s children"s shoes并列名词中,如果把 "s加在最后一个名词后,表示共有, 如:Tom and Mike"s car 汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车要表示所有物不是共有的,应分别在并列名词后加"s, 如:Tom"s and Mike"s cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车 (2) 表示无生命东西的名词通常用“of +名词”来表示所有关系:如: a picture of the classroom a map of China01冠词、不定冠词的用法
(1) 不定冠词:a / an a unit / an uncle元音开头的可数名词前用an :an egg / an apple / an orange (2) 定冠词:the the egg / the plane用法:定冠词的用法:特指某(些)人或某(些)物:The ruler is on the desk.复述上文提到的人或物:He has a sweater. The sweater is new.谈话双方都知道的人或物:The boys aren"t at school.在序数词前:John"s birthday is February the second.用于固定词组中:in the morning / afternoon / evening不用冠词的情况:专有名词前:China is a big country.名词前有定语:this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等:This is my baseball.复数名词表示一类人和事:Monkeys can"t swim. They are teachers.在节日,日期,月份,季节前:Today is Christmas Day. It"s Sunday.一日三餐前:We have breakfast at 6:30.球类 棋类运动前:They often play football after class. He plays chess at home.* 但乐器前要用定冠词:I play the guitar very well.名称前:My favorite subject is music.在称呼或头衔的名词前:This is Mr Li.固定词组中:at noon at night by bus02代词、形容词、副词
代词:人称代词、物主代词
形容词,副词:比较级,*高级(一)、形容词的比较级1. 形容词比较级在句子中的运用:两个事物或人的比较用比较级,比较级后面一般带有单词 than。比较级前面可以用more, a little来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格(口语中可用宾格)。2. 形容词加er的规则:一般在词尾加er ;以字母e 结尾,加r ;以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加er ;以“辅音字母+y”结尾,先把y变i,再加er 。3. 不规则形容词比较级:good-better, beautiful-more beautiful(二)副词的比较级 1. 形容词与副词的区别(有be用形,有形用be;有动用副,有副用动)⑴在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后⑵副词在句子中*常见的是处于实义动词之后 2. 副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同(不规则变化:well-better, far-farther)03数词:序数词、基数词
(1) 1-20one,two, three, our, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty(2) 21-99 先说“几十”,再说“几”,中间加连字符。23→twenty-three,34→thirty-four,45→forty—five,56→fifty-six,67→sixty-seven,78→seventy-eight,89→eighty-nine,91→ninety-one(3) 101—999先说“几百”,再加and,再加末两位数或末位数;586→five hundred and eighty-six,803→eight hundred and three(4) 1,000以上先从右往左数,每三位数加一个“,”,第*个“,”前为thousand. 第二个“,”前为million,第三个“,”前为billion1,001→ one thousand and one18,423→ eighteen thousand four hundred and twenty-three6,260,309→ six million two hundred and sixty thousand three hundred and nine750,000,000,000→ seven hundred and fifty bilion序数词(1) 一般在基数词后加 theg. four→fourth, thirteen→thirteenth(2) 不规则变化one→first, two→second,three→third,five→fifth,eight→eighth,nine→ninth,twelve—twelfth(3) 以 y 结尾的十位整数,变 y 为 ie 再加 thtwenty→twentieth, forty→fortieth,ninety→ninetieth(4) 从二十一后的“几十几”直至“几百几十几”或“几千几百几十几”只将个位的基数词变为序数词。twenty-first,two hundred and forty-fifth基数词基数词转为序数词的口诀:基变序,有规律,词尾加上-th.一,二,三,特殊记,词尾字母 t, d, d.八去t, 九去e, ve要用f替。ty 将 y变成 i,th 前面有个 e.若是碰到几十几,前用基来后用序。04介词:常用介词:in,on,at等
at表示时间概念的某一个点。(在某时刻、时间、阶段等)。at 1:00 (dawn,midnight , noon) 在一点钟(黎明、午夜、中午)on1) 表示具体日期。注:(1)关于"在周末"的几种表示法:at (on) the weekend 在周末---特指at (on) weekends 在周末---泛指over the weekend 在整个周末during the weekend 在周末期间(2)在圣诞节,应说 at Christmas? 而不说 on Christmas?2) 在(刚……)的时候On reaching the city he called up his parents.一到城里他就给父母打了一个电话。in表示"时段"、"时期",在多数情况下可以和 during 互换,前者强调对比,后者强调持续。in (during) 1988 (December, the 20th century) 在一九八八年(十二月、二十世纪)05动词:动词的4种时态
(一) 一般现在时一般现在时的构成1. be动词:主语+be (am, is, are)+其它。如:I am a boy. 我是一个男孩。2. 行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。如:We study English. 我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数(he, she, it)时,要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如:Mary likes Chinese. 玛丽喜欢汉语。动词+s的变化规则1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks2.以s. x. sh. ch. o 结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes3.以“辅音字母+y 结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies(二) 一般过去时: 动词过去式详解 动词的过去式的构成规则有:A、规则动词① 一般直接在动词的后面加ed:如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited② 以e结尾的动词直接加d:如 lived , danced , used③ 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词要改 y 为 i 再加 ed (此类动词较少)如 study – studied carry – carried worry – worried (注意play、stay不是辅音字母加 y ,所以不属于此类)④ 双写最后一个字母(此类动词较少)如 stoppedB、不规则动词(此类词并无规则,须熟记)小学阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式:sing – sang , eat – ate ,see – saw , have – had , do – did , go – went , take – took , buy – bought , get – got , read – read ,fly – flew , am/is – was ,are – were , say – said , leave – left , swim – swam , tell – told , draw – drew , come – came , lose – lost , find – found , drink – drank , hurt – hurt , feel – felt(3) 一般将来时:基本结构:①be going to + do;②will+ do. be going to = will I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow.(4) 现在进行时: am,is,are+动词现在分词动词现在分词详解 动词的ing形式的构成规则:① 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating② 以e 结尾的动词,要先去e再加ing,如having , writing③ 双写最后一个字母的(此类动词极少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting
句 法
01陈述句
(1) 肯定句:是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子,如:I"m a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital.There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watched TV yesterday evening.(2) 否定句:含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子,如:I"m not a student. She is not (isn"t) a doctor.He does not (doesn"t) work in a hospital. There are not (aren"t) four fans in our classroom.He will not (won"t) eat lunch at 12:00. I did not (didn"t) watch TV yesterday evening.02疑问句
一般疑问句:是指询问事实的句子,此类句子必须用“yes",或“no”来回答。特殊疑问句:以特殊疑问词 (what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等) 开头引导的句子。此类句子应该问什么就答什么,不能用“yes /no”来回答。03There be句型
There be 句型与have, has的区别1、There be 句型表示:在某地有某物(或人)2、在there be 句型中,主语是单数,be 动词用is ; 主语是复数,be 动词用are ; 如有几件物品,be 动词根据最*近be 动词的那个名词决定。3、there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把 be 动词调到句首。4、there be 句型与have(has) 的区别:there be 表示在某地有某物(或人); have(has) 表示某人拥有某物。5、some 和 any 在 there be 句型中的运用:some 用于肯定句, any 用于否定句或疑问句。6、and 和or 在there be句型中的运用:and 用于肯定句, or 用于否定句或疑问句。7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是:How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词短语?How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语?8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是:What"s + 介词短语?
其 他
01go 的用法
去干嘛用 go +动词ing如:go swimming; go fishing;go skating;go camping;go running;go skiing;go rowing…02疑问句
than 前用比较级;as…as之间用原级。如:My mother is two years younger than my father.我妈比我爸年轻两岁。Liu Tao jumps as far as Ben.刘涛跳得和本一样远。03喜欢做某事
用 like +动词 ing 或 like+ to + 动原。如:Su Yang likes growing flowers.苏阳喜欢种花。The children like to play with lanterns at Spring Festival.孩子们喜欢在春节去玩花灯。04想要做某事
用 would like +to+动原或want + to +动原。例:I’d like to visit the History Museum.=I want to visit the History Museum05some
用于肯定句中,在否定句和问句中改为any,但当表示委婉语气时仍用。如:Can I have some writing paper? Would you like some orange juice?rain与snow的用法(1)作为名词意思是雨水和雪是不可数名词如:There is a lot of rain there in spring. 那儿的春天有很多雨水。(2) 作为动词意思是下雨和下雪有四种形式分别是:动词原形rain, snow;第三人称单数rains ,snows;现在分词raining;snowing过去式rained;snowed;如:①Look! It is raining now. 瞧!天正在下雨。②It often rains in Nantong in summer.南通夏天经常下雨。③ It rained yesterday.昨天下了雨。④It is going to rain tomorrow. 明天要下雨。(3)形容词为rainy 和snowy 意思是有雨的和有雪的。如:It is often rainy here in spring.这儿的春天经常是有雨的。If it is rainy tomorrow, I’ll stay at home.如果明天是有雨的,我将呆在家里。06时间表示法
有两种:(1)直接读时钟和分钟。如 6:10 读成 six ten; 7:30 读成 seven thirty; 8:45 读成 eight forty-five;(2)用 to 与 past 表示。在半小时包括半小时以内用几分 past 几点如:6:10 读成 ten past six; 7:30 读成 half past seven;过了半小时用下一个钟点差几分如 7:45 读成 a quarter to eight; 9:50 读成 ten to ten。
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小学英语学霸都在用的句式汇总!孩子学会后,老师都夸进步大
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