20个常见【外贸英语缩写】全解析！FOB、CIF、DDP……你都用对了吗？

外贸人聊天常挂嘴边的“黑话”缩写，先掰扯贸易术语那几个。FOB（Free On Board）就是装运港船上交货，比如客户问价你说“The price includes delivery to the port, but not the shipping cost”——这价只到装运港，海运费得他自己掏。CIF（Cost, Insurance and Freight）是成本+保险+运费打包价，跟客户说“The price under CIF includes the cost, insurance, and freight to the destination port”，就是CIF价涵盖到目的港的所有费用。EXW（Ex Works）是工厂交货，按这条款“Under EXW terms, the buyer is responsible for all transport costs”——运费全归买方出，咱只把货放工厂门口。DDP（Delivered Duty Paid）是完税后交货，比如你跟客户保证“The goods will be delivered DDP to your warehouse, so you don’t have to worry about customs clearance or taxes”——清关、税费全不用他管，货直接送进仓库。DAP（Delivered At Place）是目的地交货，咱可以跟客户说“We can offer DAP terms, which means we’ll handle the shipping, but you’ll be responsible for import duties”——运输咱管，进口关税得他自己掏。

再说说物流运输那堆天天碰的缩写。ETA（Estimated Time of Arrival）是预计到港时间，比如跟客户确认“The ETA of the shipment is October 28th”——货预计10月28号到。ETD（Estimated Time of Departure）是预计开船时间，碰到恶劣天气得说“The ETD has been delayed due to weather conditions”——出发时间因天气延迟了。B/L（Bill of Lading）是提单，这东西一出来得赶紧发副本：“Please send us a copy of the B/L once it’s issued”。POD（Port of Discharge）是卸货港，这批货卸洛杉矶就说“The POD for this shipment is Los Angeles”。POL（Port of Loading）是装货港，比如“The POL is Shanghai, and the POD is Hamburg”——装货港上海，卸货港汉堡。

最后聊订单和付款的关键缩写。MOQ（Minimum Order Quantity）是最小起订量，每个款式*少订500件就说“Our MOQ is 500 pieces per item”。PI（Proforma Invoice）是形式发票，客户要这个才能打预付款：“Please issue the PI so we can arrange the deposit”。T/T（Telegraphic Transfer）是电汇，咱常做的是30%预付款电汇、70%发货前付：“We usually accept 30% T/T in advance and 70% before shipment”。L/C（Letter of Credit）是信用证，客户用即期不可撤销信用证付款就说“The buyer will pay by irrevocable L/C at sight”。P/O（Purchase Order）是采购订单，刚收到客户订1000件的订单就说“We’ve just received your P/O for 1,000 units”。